LUO Long, LIANG Zhaohui, WU Gengsheng, YANG Xiaoqin
(School of Continuing Education, Tsinghua University)
Abstract: To promote the construction of Study-oriented enterprises, this article would discuss the impact on study resource sharing system through the deep researches in the factors of social, resource development, resource characteristics, technical, market. By analyzing the mechanism of power, benefits, management and evaluation, it would demonstrate the main problem about mechanism of the resource sharing. Then it would put forward the proposal to strengthen the sharing of resources theory research, to set up the equality principle of voluntary participation and mutual assistance, to explore the resource-sharing norms, and to set up the standard for general evaluation of shared resources.
Keywords: Study-oriented enterprises, Study Resource, Resource Sharing, Factors, Mechanism
Chinese President Hu Jintao pointed out that developing distance education and continuing education is very important to build up an All-learning, lifelong-learning society. Under the guidance of national policy, research and pilot of learning society launched immediately, at the same time, a number of the learning organizations emerged. But in the process of exploring to build learning organization, also exposed many problems, which affect the follow-up development of the learning organization.
There are many problems during the construction of the learning organization such as capital investment, learning plan, learning environment and learning incentive. But the most urgent problem is the organization and construction of the high-quality learning resources. Problems in the development, transporting, utilization and updating of the Learning resources, lead to better quality learning resources becoming scarce, duplicate development. Learning resources developing agencies can not maintain and ultimately affect sustainable and healthy development of learning resources.
As an important part of a learning society, construction of the study-oriented enterprises is an important direction of the life-long education researching. During the construction, resource sharing in enterprise and among enterprises plays an important role in the construction of the study-oriented enterprise. Many experts and scholars have proposed programs and measures in detail to solve the internal resource sharing. But in the resource sharing among enterprises, there are unimaginable difficulties. A creative idea to solve the lack of quality resources is to promote inter-agency cooperation and build a sharing platform for the development, transmission, storing, and updating of the high-quality learning resources.
On the basis of research and practice of learning organization, we try to explore a high efficiency to promote the construction of study-oriented enterprises, by analyzing the influencing factors of learning resource sharing and discussing the resource sharing platform operating mechanism.
1.1 The social environmental factors
①The relevant policies and regulations
Current education policy and regulations, particular of the non-formal training and vocational education, are not perfect. It can give great help to the construction of study-oriented enterprise by providing sufficient funding and strengthening related policies.
②The common understanding of society
Not any single institution, organization or entity can build a learning organization behind closed doors by itself. The government, education departments, institutions, organizations and units must collaborate together. For enterprises, it is difficult to establish resource sharing between rivals in the keen competition market environment. Visionary leaders should recognize both cooperation and competition in the industry and take the responsibility to open up a developing space of resource sharing.
③Theory of study-oriented organization
Learning Resources is an important component of a learning organization. The development of study-oriented organization theory will determine the development of learning resources. Only based on study-oriented organization theory, the design, development, deployment, use and update of learning resources can be improved. The learning resource sharing strategy must also be implemented under the guidance of the theory.
④Needs of individual, team and enterprise
In the study-oriented enterprises, the learning needs of individual, team and enterprise are different. As the sustainable driving power of learning enterprise, these needs determine the rational allocation of resources and the sharing strategies. At the same time, the learning needs are constantly changing and developing, which propose special requirements on learning resources and it’s sharing.
⑤Regulations
In order to build a learning organization, sound learning mechanism must be established first. The mechanism has a strong guiding influence on the construction of the learning resources. Learning mechanism has the same significance to guiding the learners, standardizing learning methods, creating learning environment, encouraging learning mechanism in the management of shared learning resources.
1.3 Resource characteristics factors.
①Type and format of learning resources
From the current view of learning resources market, learning resources have a wide range of diverse formats and not unified production standards. For the protection of intellectual property, some learning resources are encrypted and can be used only in specific environments. These features obstruct the feasibility of sharing resources severely.
②Share range of learning resources
Sharing of learning resources is in a limited scope. Sharing scopes include sub-individual, group sharing, enterprise inner sharing, Inter-enterprise sharing and open sharing. Enterprise strategies and mechanisms of resource sharing must be based on the characteristics of different resources sharing scope. The resource which is confidential or patent can only be open to specific learners.
③The quality of learning resources
The quality of learning resources is an important factor restricting resource sharing. In theory, high quality resource has higher sharing than general resources. But now, because the lack of learning resources, resources quality reflects not any more in the market, which cause enterprises can not choose. So, only after whether there is or not learning resources, the selection of high quality resources can be the second step.
1.5 Factors of 2.The operating mechanism of learning resource sharing
To build up an efficient resource sharing platform, the operating mechanism is the key. In the platform between enterprises, the dynamic mechanism, the interest’s mechanisms, the management and coordination mechanisms, and the evaluation mechanisms is very important.
Mechanism of motivation and needs
First of all, the motivation and needs of all parties, is the premise of building a resource sharing platform. The aim of resource sharing platform is to make learning-oriented enterprises access easily to learning resources needed. Both the degree of reliability and supply needs to be taken into account. On the one hand, from the collection to the summary of resource needs, the first problem to be solved is to identify the resource requirements degree (demand for the same resources). Demands for different resource are ordered from the highest to the lowest degree with different attention. The resources of highest demand need the highest attention. While individual needs are not included in the sharing system, which may be resolved by the resources providers and resource users outside the system. On the other hand, from the perspective of resource development and supply, the system also needs to focus on the supply degree of resources, (the supply of the same resources). It is necessary to ensure non-repetition developing and the best quality.
Secondly, it is important to understand the reasons for cooperation parties. It is a basic principle to keep the same demands and remove the different ones which can create a favorable environment for cooperation. There are many reasons for the sharing platform partners join together, such as high-quality resources, transmission facilities, cooperation between partners, etc. Utilizing these advantages is the foundation to attract more partners to join the system and develop better cooperation.
Thirdly, understanding clear expectations of all parties is an important guarantee for stable cooperation. All cooperation parties in the system share a common goal, but also have individual interests. In cooperation, establishing long-term and short-term cooperation target file is a favorable measure to improve the cooperative relationship between all parties and ensure system stability.
2.3 Management Coordination Mechanism
Operation of the resource sharing platform needs scientific and perfect management mechanism, from the material resources collection to the use of resources. The establishment of regulatory agency, clarity of management targets, flexible and diversified management method, scientific and humane management system, all these mechanism can enhance the efficiency of system operation, shorten the cycle of resource development to application, improve the quality of resources and achieve system optimization.
The establishment of system coordination mechanism is one of the effective measures to solve the problem in system operation. Establishing smooth communication channels, scientific task (objective) commission and transfer mechanisms, standardized transfer procedures, standardized service guarantee, and humane principles and methods of arbitration coordination, can timely process various contradictions and conflicts, coordination and cooperation parties’ relations, improve the distribution of benefits and obligations of the parties, and promote the continuous development of the system.
In addition to management and coordination mechanism, the system's operation also needs objective oversight and restraint mechanism. Process supervision of resource requirements gathering and compilation, objectives supervision of resources development, task supervision of resources transmission, development tasks, allocating supervision of developing task and funds, can promote the system to the healthy development in the constrained conditions.
2.4 Evaluation Mechanism
Merits judgment of learning resources of enterprises needs an objective evaluation system.
First, standard is the evaluation criteria for enterprise shared learning resources. Compared to other types of standards, attentions should be focused on resource sharing, degree, resource practicability, learning effects and learner's views. In a study-oriented enterprise, the resources practicability is more important than its theoretical property, and the views of learners are more valuable than the opinions of experts. Therefore, current standard of elite courses or fine courses can not be fully referred, and standards suitable for business learners is needed.
Second, participants in the evaluation should be mainly the users of learning resources, and the evaluation process must be open and clear. In the shared platform, enterprise learners evaluate the learning resources to their individual evaluation by standard procedures. The evaluation system obtains the final evaluation results from the summary of all learners’ evaluation.
Third, the feedback of the evaluation results is an important part to optimize learning resources. To promote updating and optimization of learning resource, establishment of a comprehensive evaluation system needs rapidly and objectively feedback the results to the participants and the agencies of system management, supervision and coordination.
References
[1] Xiaoqiang Liu, Research of E-Learning Adaptation Knowledge Sharing and Application of Environmental [PHD thesis] 2003.
[2] Lingling Zhu, Research of Grid-based E-Learning Learning Resource Sharing, [Master thesis] 2007.
[3] Zhongkui Wu, Lifelong Learning and the Social Sharing of Educational Resources[J], Educational Science Research, CN, 2000(6).
（The paper was published in the 12th IACEE World Conference on Continuing Engereering Education in October, 2010）
